Skill Enhancement Course (SEC) Translation Studies Unit- 4 ( Translation and its typology )

Skill Enhancement Course (SEC) Translation Studies Unit- 4 ( Translation and its typology ) Semester- 3/4
Subject- Sol/ Du / Regular / Ncweb

 

Q. Write short notes on semantic and literal translation.

Semantic translation:-

• Semantic translation is, Dadi to Said to Produce a  certain Kind of Naturalnees of the translated text in the target language.

• Peter Newmark talks of Semantic translation in his "Approaches of translation (1981)".

• Semantic usually thought to follow the method of sense-for-sense.

• In semantic translation we. need to find a equivalence Word in target language.

Literal Translation

• It Can be Said to be a word-for- ford translation and as the name implies . 

• To find a exact language, word in to get literal translation is metaphrase.

• A translation which gives priority lexical Correspondences and result in the ungrammatical Sentence It is a translation is that Sounds unnatural in target 

• language.

• Example & A literal English translation of the German word "Kindergarten" would be "Children's garden" but in English the expression refers to the school year between Pre- School & and first grade.

• Semantic Example "Maine apne haathon se kittab di Can be create a funny situation in "I gave her the book with my own hands. it can be :- "I gave her book myself.

Q. What is Dubbing, Voice-over, Subtitling explain?

• In "Audio visual Translation in the Third Millennium" (2003), Jorge Diaz Cintas defines Dubbing, Voice-over and Subtitling in the following terms :-

• Dubbing involves replacing the original soundtrack containing the actors' dialogue with a target language (TL) recording that reproduces the original message, while at the same time ensuring that the TL sounds and the actors' lip movements are more or less synchronized.

• Voice-over involves reducing the volume of the original soundtrack 

• completely, or to a minimal auditory level, in order to ensure that the translation

• which is superimposed on the original soundtrack, can be easily heard. It is common practice to allow a few seconds of the original speech before reducing the volume and superimposing the translation. 

• Subtitling involves displaying written text, usually at the bottom of the screen, giving an account of the actors' dialogue and other linguistic information which form part of the visual image (letters, graffiti, and captions) or of the soundtrack (songs).

Q. What are the Constraints faced by a Subtitler?

The requirements for a person trying to do the job of subtitling are :-

1. While translating there should be coherence between the audio-visual message and the text he or she is creating; in the sense that the subtitles should be in synchrony with the original audio of the text.

2. The Subtitler must work within space and time limits as A Subtitles normally should take up to two lines and no more than thirty-nine characters per line. 

3. Subtitles should not last less than one second or more than six, and Subtitles should have a minimum gap of two frames so that viewers can notice a change of subtitles.

4. Reading speed is also very significant in subtitling, as in a six-second subtitle we can read much more of the text than in a two-second one.

Thus, the Subtitler needs to ensure that there is enough time for the viewers to read each subtitle when they are watching the audio-visual.

Q. What are the process of translating an advertisement?

Translation of an advertisement can be done in multiple ways :-

a) By making a new advertisement on the same idea about the same product or service but in a different language.

b) The audio of the advertisement could be subtitled.

c) The only option left would be to dub the advertisement in the target     language of the intended audience.

READ MORE- Translation Studies Unit- 3 ( The process of translation )