BEGLA- 138- UNIT- 16- Speaking Activities-1: Stories, Dialogues, Role Playing, Debates- Reading And Speaking Skills IGNOU Subject
INTRODUCTION
- Speaking is a crucial part of second language learning and teaching.
- Speaking is defined as the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non- verbal symbols, in a variety of contexts.
- It helps in improving our communicative skills,
- There are many speaking activities that promote effective communication.
- For example, we can improve our speaking skills through stories, dialogues, discussions, debates, meetings, presentations and role play.
- In this chapter, we would study about four of them- stories, dialogues, debates and role play.
STORIES
- A short story is a short work of fiction.
- Fiction is prose writing about imagined events and characters.
- Prose writing differs from poetry which is written in verses, meters or rhymes for its organization and presentation.
- Novels are another example of fictional prose and are much longer than short stories.
- Some short stories can be quite long.
- A short story which is a long one, around fifty to one hundred pages, is called a novella.
Elements of a Story
The key elements are
1- Setting
2- Characters
3- Plot
4- Conflict.
5 - Theme
1. Setting
- It refers to the time and the place where a story happens.
- It helps to build background and create images in the mind.
- A good setting helps a reader to visualize the places in the story.
2. Characters
- Every story needs Characters who/ which may be the people, animals or creatures.
- Characters participate in the action of the story.
- Direct Characterization tells us the personality of the character.
3. Plot
Plot refers to a series of events and character actions that relate to the central conflict.The plot has different parts:
(i) Exposition - It is the beginning of a story, before the action starts.
(ii) Rising Action - It includes the events and conflicts lead to the climax.
(iii) Climax - This is the turning point or the most intense moment, either mentally or in action
(iv) Falling Action - It includes the action that follows the climax.
(v) Resolution - It is the conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads.
4. Conflict
The main character may struggle against another important character in the story. Conflict is needed for the plot to be complete. Conflict arises when there's a struggle between two opposing forces.
Types of Conflict
(i) Character vs. Character- One character fight with another character in the story.
(ii) Character vs. Society- Characters have problem with the laws or beliefs of a group or community, society or culture.
(iii) Character vs. Self- Characters have problem with deciding what to do or think (inner conflict)
5. Theme
- The central idea or belief in a short story is called the theme.
- The following steps help in developing a theme:
(i) What does the protagonist want ?
(ii) What action should/will the protagonist take to accomplish his or her goal ?
DIALOGUES AND ROLEPLAYING
- Practicing dialogues helps in developing a better grasp of the language.
- Dialogues are useful for the following reasons
- Dialogues provide models on which we can base our own conversations.
- Dialogues force us to focus on language
- Dialogues help us develop conversation skills.
DEBATES
1. A debate means a competition in which two parties give speeches on a topic.
2. One speak for the topic and the other against it.
3. Debates not only strengthen language skills and vocabulary of participants but also their critical thinking.
4. The judges decide the winner.
5. Debate improve speaking skills.
6. Debate also help improve listening skills because participants and judges have to carefully listen to each speaker and understand their points of view.
7. Reading skills can be improved when students prepare their arguments by reading articles and websites and learn how to evaluate these sources.
8. Debate also helps improve critical thinking.
READ MORE- BEGLA- 138- UNIT- 15 ( Pronouncing Correctly- 2: Stress and Rhythm in Connected Speech and Voice Training )
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