B.A. FIRST YEAR NATIONALISM IN INDIA UNIT 3 CHAPTER-5 GANDHI AND MASS MOBILISATION NOTES

MK GANDHI

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Is Significant 

Because He Could Understand And Bring The Indian Masses Men And Women Urban And Rural Into The National Movement It Was A Radical Break From The Earlier Methods Of Struggle. Gandhi Provided A Program Of Action For Each Sections Of The Society For Peasantry Non Payment Of Land Tax, For Students BoyCot Of Educational Institutions, For Lawyers Desertion Of The Courts For Women Picketing The Liquor Shops Foreign Clothes Shops And He Asked The People As A Whole To Violate Lawless Laws

His Use Of Hunger Strikes, Mass Demonstration Deliberate Courting Of Jails Were The Principle Weapon Which He Added To The Nationalist Struggle. The Period Between 1919 To 1947 Is Marked By Three Important Struggles Non-cooperation Movement Of 1920 Civil Disobedience Movement Of 1930 Quit India Movement Of 1942. Civil Disobedience Movement Of 1930 and Quit India Movement Of 1942.

The Non Cooperation Movement 

The Non Cooperation Movement Was A Significant Movement Which Lasted From 1920 To 1922 Organised Resistance To British Occupation Of India Through Non Violent Means Like Refusing To Buy British Goods, Adapting Local Handicrafts like Khadi And Picketing Of Liquor Shops. The Gandhian Ideas Of Ahinsa Or Non-violence Were Put Into The Practice And Demonstrated To Hundreds Of Thousands Of People And The British Rulers For The First Time On Such A Large Scale.

On February 4, 1922 In The Chauri Chaura, After Violent Clash Between The Local Police And The Protesters In Which Three Protest Award Killed By The Police Firing The Police Station Was Set On Fire By The Mob Who Had Been Fired Upon Killing 22 Of The Police Officers Present Inside. This Was Unacceptable To Gandhi's Ideas Of Non Violence So He Immediately Appealed For The Violent Resistance To End And Finally Called Off This Moment.

The Civil Disobedience Movement 

The Civil Disobedience Movement Was Launched Under Gandhi's Leadership The Simon Commission Constituted In November 1927 By The British Government To Prepare And Finalise A Constitution For India And Consisting Of Members Of British Parliament Only, Was bycotted By All Section Of The Indian Political Groups At That Time Including Congress As It Was An All White Commission There Was Massive Oppositions To The Simon Commission In Bengal. 

Massive Demonstration Were Held In Calcutta On 19 February 1928 The Day Of Simons Arrival In The City. Following The Rejection Of Recommendations Of The Simon Commission By The Indians And All Party Conference Was Held At Bombay In May 1928 In the civil disobedience movement. 12 march 1930 Gandhiji broke the salt law at village Dandi (Dandi, Gujarat) on the beach. The whole country woke up. Every man was looking forward to Gandhiji's leadership.

In April 1930 There Were Violent Police Crowd Clashes In Calcutta Thousands Of People Were Imprisoned.In 1931 British Government Agreed To Set All Political Prisoners Free So That Gandhi Agreed To Discontinue The Civil Disobedience Movement And Participate As A Sole Representative Of The Congress In Second Round Table Conference Which Was Held In London In September 1931 However The Conference Ended In Failure 

In December 1931 Gandhi Return To India And Resumed The Civil Disobedience Movement In January 1932 and Later The Quit India Movement Of 1942 Become The Biggest Civil Disobedience Action On The Satyagraha Strategy Of Gandhi.

The Quit India Movement 

The Quit India Movement Also Known As August Kranti it Was Launched At The Time Of World War-ii On 8 August 1942. It Was A Movement Aimed At Ending The British Empire From India. This Movement Was Started By Mahatma Gandhi At The Mumbai Session Of The All India Congress Committee. It Began Simultaneously Throughout The Country On The Call Of Gandhiji It Was Against The British Rule To Liberate India Immediately.